Grandpa Claude 1879
Are babies born good and have to be taught to be bad, or are they born bad and have to be taught to be good? This question has been debated for centuries, and it confronts us almost as soon as a child enters the world. From the very beginning, we notice differences. Some children are strong-willed and demand their own way, while others are more compliant, cheerful, and agreeable. These variations suggest that temperament is partly inherited. Yet regardless of personality, each person must learn how to rise above mere instinct and overcome the pull of their own genes.
To understand this tension more clearly, it helps to look at the Christian perspective. Christian theology holds two truths at the same time. On the one hand, humans are made in God’s image—good and valuable. On the other hand, humans are fallen—morally broken. Because both are true, babies can be understood in a particular way.
They are innocent in experience, but not morally complete. They do not need to be taught how to sin, but they do need to be taught how to love well. In other words, goodness must be nurtured, shaped, and guided.
From here, the role of culture becomes impossible to ignore. Just as families shape a child, so do societies. The culture into which a child is born powerfully influences what that child learns about love, fear, and loyalty. Unfortunately, some societies pass along hatred instead of compassion.
History offers sobering examples. For generations, Catholics and Protestants in Ireland were taught to hate one another. That legacy caused deep wounds, though thankfully much of that hostility is now being overcome. In a different context, some Palestinian Authority–approved textbooks have contained material that demonizes Jews, glorifies violence, or erases Israel. These practices have been criticized by international monitors, including the EU and independent education review groups. At the same time, it is important to recognize that not every Palestinian child is taught hatred, and many parents, teachers, and NGOs actively resist such messaging. ( See Rawan Osman blog.)/
By contrast, Jewish children are not taught to hate Muslims. Within Judaism, teaching hatred toward another people or religion runs counter to core Jewish values. This contrast highlights a crucial truth: hatred is learned and reinforced—or challenged—by what a culture chooses to teach.
The United States provides its own illustration. Even today, old regional stereotypes linger. In the South, some once said, “They swear like a Yankee,” while in the North many assumed the South was defined by racial hatred. These ideas grew out of real historical events, but over time they hardened into sweeping judgments. Scripture reminds us that sin and virtue are matters of the heart, not geography. When we trade truth for caricature, we fail to see one another as God does.
Taken together, these examples point to a sobering conclusion. Children must be taught to love. Hatred comes naturally, but love does not flourish without guidance. As Scripture tells us in I John 4:8, “Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love.”
So we return to the opening question: Are babies born good and taught to be bad, or born bad and taught to be good? The answer is not a simple either–or. We are born bearing God’s image, yet marked by a fallen nature. From our earliest days, we are capable of self-interest, fear, and division—but we are also capable of great goodness when love is modeled and taught. Left on their own, children do not naturally grow into love; they must be shown what it looks like, practiced in it, and corrected when they fall short. This is why families, churches, and cultures matter so deeply. Love must be intentionally taught, patiently lived, and faithfully passed on, because God Himself is love—and to know Him is to learn how to love.

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